The bulk of my therapy training was in insight-oriented psychodynamic and psychoanalytically-informed psychotherapy for adults. Over time I have broadened my approach to include cognitive-behavioral techniques (particularly with depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorders) and have employed 12-step, mindfulness-based, and harm reduction models when working with patients struggling with addictions of any kind. My choice of modality and approach depends on the patient’s particular problems and the most current practice guidelines, incorporating pharmacotherapy (when needed) in partnership with a fully-informed patient.